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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Brian...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>It's interesting that you should mention that,
because that's precisely an event that Akai in japan went through (by their own
rotten doing) from about 1963 to 1968.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>They sold the Akai tape recorders in the U.S. under
the Roberts label. In 63, while still in high school I worked at Westlake TV and
HiFi in Daly City, just outside of San Francisco. A Navy nuclear sub docked and
a whole bunch of sailors came to the store looking for warranty repair on their
Akai tape recorders, all with burnt out power transformers. The same problem we
were seeing with a slew of Roberts decks. Akai had tried to cut some corners on
the assembly line with some of the 50hz power transformers and it backfired. Or
maby I should say..."backsmoked".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>When I was stationed in Japan from 1965 to
1967, I was able to learn all about the real background of Akai, from the
japanese people themselves, and it was'nt pretty. Akai was just a brand that was
really born for the "Kanazawa" HiFi circuit, a contract company that ran the
electronics department up and down the country in all the U.S. base
exchanges. Two company's in particular stood out, that mainstream Japanese
consumers would'nt touch with a ten foot pole. Akai, and Sansui. Purely
junk, and peddled to the U.S. military as being really high class. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>I opened up a Sansui 1000 receiver one time, the
one that sold more than any of their other products. The first thing that
set off some red flags...the auxiliary AC receptacles on the back, were
wired with #22 solid hookup wire. The same stuff I was using on my American
Flyer trains as a kid. Fine for the amplifier circuitry, but not quite AC
accessory outlet proper.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>A friend of mine at Ashiya, that ran the local TV
and Stereo and Appliance store, got me a copy of the Sansui annual report, a
nice little color booklet that showed all of it's divisions and products. Their
primary productline and business, was AC power distribution equipment for the
public utilities. Sort of like GE or Westinghouse or Allis-Chalmers here in the
U.S. Transformers, oil circuit breakers and the like. In the very back of
the annual report, 1 page with pictures and description saying basically "and
we're also in the consumer hi-fi business with a few products". Like Akai.
Sansui audio gear was very seldom bought by the Japanese people because they
knew better.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>All the best to all of you,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Steve Spears</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Orrs Island, Maine</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>www.kel.com</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=gideon4@summershome.co.uk
href="mailto:gideon4@summershome.co.uk">Gideon4</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=quadlist@quadvideotapegroup.com
href="mailto:quadlist@quadvideotapegroup.com">Quad List</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, April 10, 2010 5:13
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [QuadList] Mains
frequencies, control,similarities to genlocking</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=281470421-10042010><FONT color=#0000ff size=2 face=Arial>Re
the 60/50Hz business, one of the Gotchas is transformer overheating, or to
expand, A transformer designed for 60Hz has slightly less Iron in it
than the comparable 50Hz one. If you have a "budget transformer" in a item of
kit from a 60Hz source, they would often saturate on 50Hz, get hot and burn
out. Been there, done that!</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=281470421-10042010><FONT color=#0000ff size=2
face=Arial></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=281470421-10042010><FONT color=#0000ff size=2
face=Arial>Brian Summers</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV dir=ltr class=OutlookMessageHeader align=left><FONT size=2
face=Tahoma>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
quadlist-bounces@quadvideotapegroup.com
[mailto:quadlist-bounces@quadvideotapegroup.com]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Ted
Langdell<BR><B>Sent:</B> 10 April 2010 19:22<BR><B>To:</B> Quad
List<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [QuadList] Mains frequencies,
control,similarities to genlocking<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Apr 10, 2010, at 10:53 AM, Chuck Reti wrote:</DIV><BR
class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV>Not documented anywhere I've looked, but wonder if 60Hz might have
been chosen since it correlates with 60sec/min - 60min/hr
timekeping.<BR>Did make it easier to do electric clocks!<BR>-- <BR>Chuck
Reti<BR>Detroit MI<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Keeping time with motor-based clocks is an interesting situation. See
the link and text below.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>The process has some elements of pre-framesync Genlock... (Think
rubidium) and since this is Saturday, would have been something networks
were doing with sports events from remote locations.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Googling "Genlock Remotes" brought up a 2009 patent application by
CISCO, the data router people in regard to Genlocking remote video
sources:</DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2009105593&IA=US2009034598&DISPLAY=STATUS">http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2009105593&IA=US2009034598&DISPLAY=STATUS</A></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Genlock and framesyncs turn up in the April "CBS Retirees Ramblings"
here:</DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://www.cbsretirees.com/blog/blogger.html">http://www.cbsretirees.com/blog/blogger.html</A></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>You'll see a couple of items from Harold Deppe (Sr.,) who was in Maint.
at CBS in NYC and is on the QuadList. We may have the only Father/Son
pair of engineers on a video-related discussion list, for all I know.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Back to power for a tad:</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>The section below on Frequency and Load has me wondering whether it
would be practical to monitor the powerline freq., with limit alarms to
indicate that a power "event" like a brownout, load shed or blackout was
about to happen.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Ted</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-FAMILY: sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 13px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
class=Apple-style-span>
<H3
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.17em; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.3em; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 13px; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal" class=Apple-style-span><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#Long-term_stability_and_clock_synchronization">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#Long-term_stability_and_clock</A>_synchronization</SPAN></H3>
<H3
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.17em; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.3em; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 17px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><SPAN
id=Long-term_stability_and_clock_synchronization class=mw-headline>Long-term
stability and clock synchronization</SPAN></H3>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em">Regulation of power
system frequency for timekeeping accuracy was not commonplace until after
1926 and the invention of the <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
title="Electric clock"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_clock">electric
clock</A> driven by a synchronous motor. Network operators will
regulate the daily average frequency so that clocks stay within a few
seconds of correct time. In practice the nominal frequency is raised or
lowered by a specific percentage to maintain synchronization. Over the
course of a day, the average frequency is maintained at the nominal value
within a few hundred parts per million.<SUP
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1em; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
id=cite_ref-16 class=reference><A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#cite_note-16"><SPAN>[</SPAN>17<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP> In
the <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
title="Synchronous grid of Continental Europe"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_grid_of_Continental_Europe">synchronous
grid of Continental Europe</A>, the deviation between network phase time
and <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
class=mw-redirect title=UTC
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC">UTC</A> is calculated at 08:00
each day in a control center in <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
title=Switzerland
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland">Switzerland</A>, and the
target frequency is then adjusted by up to ±0.02% from 50 Hz as needed, to
ensure a long-term frequency average of exactly 24×3600×50 cycles per day is
maintained.<SUP
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1em; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
id=cite_ref-17 class=reference><A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#cite_note-17"><SPAN>[</SPAN>18<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP> In <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
title="North American Electric Reliability Corporation"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Electric_Reliability_Corporation">North
America</A>, whenever the error exceeds 10 seconds for the east, 3 seconds
for Texas, or 2 seconds for the west, a correction of ±0.02 Hz (0.033%) is
applied. Time error corrections start and end either on the hour or on the
half hour.<SUP
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1em; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
id=cite_ref-18 class=reference><A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#cite_note-18"><SPAN>[</SPAN>19<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP><SUP
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1em; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
id=cite_ref-19 class=reference><A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#cite_note-19"><SPAN>[</SPAN>20<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP> A <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
class="external text" href="http://www.dynamicdemand.co.uk/grid.htm"
rel=nofollow>dynamicdemand.co.uk/grid - Real-time frequency
meter</A> for power generation in the <A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
title="United Kingdom"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom">United
Kingdom</A> is available online. Smaller power systems may not maintain
frequency with the same degree of accuracy.</DIV>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em"><BR></DIV>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em"><BR></DIV>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em">
<H3
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.17em; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.3em; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 17px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><SPAN
id=Frequency_and_load class=mw-headline>Frequency and load</SPAN></H3>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em">The primary reason
for accurate frequency control is to allow the flow of alternating current
power from multiple generators through the network to be controlled. The
trend in system frequency is a measure of mismatch between demand and
generation, and so is a necessary parameter for load control in
interconnected systems.</DIV>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em">Frequency of the
system will vary as load and generation change. Increasing the mechanical
input power to a synchronous generator will not greatly affect the system
frequency but will produce more electric power from that unit. During a
severe overload caused by tripping or failure of generators or transmission
lines the power system frequency will decline, due to an imbalance of load
versus generation. Loss of an interconnection, while exporting power
(relative to system total generation) will cause system frequency to rise.
AGC (automatic generation control) is used to maintain scheduled frequency
and interchange power flows. Control systems in power plants detect changes
in the network-wide frequency and adjust mechanical power input to
generators back to their target frequency. This counteracting usually takes
a few tens of seconds due to the large rotating masses involved. Temporary
frequency changes are an unavoidable consequence of changing demand.
Exceptional or rapidly changing mains frequency is often a sign that an
electricity distribution network is operating near its capacity limits,
dramatic examples of which can sometimes be observed shortly before major
outages.</DIV>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em">Frequency
protection relays on the power system network sense the decline of frequency
and automatically initiate load shedding or tripping of interconnection
lines, to preserve the operation of at least part of the network. Small
frequency deviations (i.e.- 0.5 Hz on a 50 Hz or 60 Hz
network) will result in automatic load shedding or other control actions to
restore system frequency.</DIV>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em">Smaller power
systems, not extensively interconnected with many generators and loads, will
not maintain frequency with the same degree of accuracy. Where system
frequency is not tightly regulated during heavy load periods, the system
operators may allow system frequency to rise during periods of light load,
to maintain a daily average frequency of acceptable accuracy.<SUP
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1em; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
id=cite_ref-20 class=reference><A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#cite_note-20"><SPAN>[</SPAN>21<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP><SUP
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1em; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
id=cite_ref-21 class=reference><A
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_frequency#cite_note-21"><SPAN>[</SPAN>22<SPAN>]</SPAN></A></SUP></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.4em 0px 0.5em"><BR></DIV></SPAN></B></DIV></DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Ted Langdell</DIV>
<DIV>Secretary</DIV>
<DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
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